The awm solutions described here were shared at the national consultation workshop and priority solutions were selected by participants. Since its establishment it has done a lot of studies in several parts of the country and found various valuable earth resources which at places are extracted and contributing a lot to the countrys economy. Chapter 6 surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. A massive deposit of sapphire has been found in the tigray state, northern ethiopia. Ground water resource potential is approximately 2. A global potential of more than 100 t of primary gold can be estimated resources, based on present state of knowledge, including the adola gold field with lega dembi 62 t au, megado 23. Lack of professional and public awareness about the sustainable use of ground water resource made gaps in ground water. Mining sector challenges in developing countries, tigray. Ethiopia has 12 river basins with estimated surface water resources potential of 123 bm 3 baro akobo, abbay, tekeze and omo ghibe contribute 80% 90%. However, regardless of its enormous potentials the energy system is highly dependent on traditional fossil. Impacts of climate change on the water resources of guder. Ethiopia managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth country water resources assistance strategy report no. Our main natural resources namely water, forest, biodiversity, agricultural land, energy, etc are very much the reflection of the climate we have. Iron ore deposits are estimated at 20 million tons in the country per annum.
Donors finance numerous projects in water supply and sanitation in ethiopia some through the federal government and some directly to regions, towns and communities. However, most drinking water in ethiopia comes from ground water, not rivers. Iron iron ore deposits are estimated at 20 million tons in the country per annum salt ethiopia produces about 300,000 tons of marine and mined salt annually. National wash program introduction ethiopia, with its different geological formations and climatic conditions, is endowed with considerable water resources andwetland ecosystems, 12river basins, about14majorlakes, and someman made reservoirs. Ethiopia situation analysis international water management. An energywater nexus analysis page 5 with this study we connect to studies with a global focus on the challenges of renewable energy deployment gea, 2012.
A water disinfection and water quality monitoring plan. Ethiopian surface water resources by major river basins. Socioeconomic activities such asagriculture which is the main stay of ethiopia s economy, energy and water supply, human health, etc are also very sensitive to climate variations. The goal of this latter policy is to enhance efficient. Pdf surface and ground water resources of ethiopia. Integrated management of the blue nile basin in ethiopia.
Ethiopia water resources country assistance strategy. Guder catchment, water resources, swat model, climate change, sdsm, sres 1. Much of the water resources in ethiopia are not utilized to meet the food demand table1. We met on two occasions, and they facilitated the site visits and meetings with the sidama region water and health. Water resource assessment, gaps, and constraints of vegetable. Surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Potential evapotranspiration in the catchment will also increase up to 25%. Awareness creation program prepared for public relation officials.
Resource potential water resource potential intensive study on water resource potential carried out since 1992 the exploration focused on surface and ground water as, a result it is proved that ethiopia has123 billion cubic meter surface water. Mar 29, 2010 ethiopia has an important opportunity in water led development, but it needs to address critical challenges in the planning, design, delivery, and maintenance of its irrigation systems if it is to capture its full potential. Managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth country water resources assistance strategy report no. Potential evaporation rates in the nile region are high, making the basin. Water resources potential and utilization in ethiopia. Water resources ethiopian institute for strategic studies. Managing water resources to maximize sustainable growth. This study examines water resource management in ethiopia using the political ecology framework focusing on issues of equity with regard to access to safe and clean water in the poor areas of the city of addis ababa. The big and main water resources problem in ethiopia is the uneven spatial and temporal occurrence and distribution. The country has the potential to provide services through the. Ground water assessment geological survey of ethiopia. Ethiopias renewable energy power potential and development.
Irrigation potential in ethiopia ethiopian agriculture. Ethiopia has 12 river basins with an annual runoff volume of 122 billion m 3 of water and an estimated 2. A wide range of water conflicts appear throughout history, though rarely are traditional wars waged over water alone. Unfortunately, although ethiopia has a great water potential for irrigation, the countrys capacity to enhance agriculture production through the development of irrigation systems has been weak mengistu, 2000. Water and energy resource potential of ethiopia status of. Ethiopia is endowed with relatively higher amounts of rainfall and has a. The surface area of these natural lakes totals about 7,500km2. Atikelte abebe, abeyou wale, chalachew abebe, elias sime, essayas kaba, mengiste. Highlights of the ethiopian geothermal sector global geothermal alliance stakeholders meeting nairobi, june 2015 ministry of water irrigation and energy federal democratic republic of ethiopia.
Water resources issues in ethiopia a preamble nebiyu daniel tiruneh, university of florida according to the water supply and sanitation collaborative council, our failure to develop a solid foundation of public health through sanitation, hygiene and safe water. The development of water resources for agricultural purposes on the one hand and rural water supply schemes on the other are the focus of our discussion in this section. Therefore, assessing the impact of climate change on the water resource of guder catchment, upper blue nile will be expected to have importance to. Surface water resources potential of 123 bm 3 baro akobo, abbay, tekeze and omo ghibe contribute 80% 90% ethiopia has 11 freshwater and nine saline lakes, four crater lakes and over 12 major swamps and wetlands. Groundwater has been used as the main source of water supply since the 1970s for the main cities. The first map shows the depth to water table in different sectors of ethiopia, the nature of the aquifers and the possibility of using groundwater for irrigation at various scales. Keywords ethiopia surface water groundwater irrigation hydropower. The groundwater resources potential of ethiopia is estimated to be about 40 billion cubic meters. Present and future water resources development in ethiopia. Only 24% of the population has access to drinking water, in spite of the large number of water resources. This chapter discusses and presents the water resources of ethiopia and the different challenges faced by the water sector to contribute to the economic development.
The community managed project cmp approach and potential to promote multiple uses of water study on the impacts of cmp water supply projects on the life of rural community in gonji kolella woreda, west gojjam zone, amhara region ethiopia. Conclusion ethiopia has huge re potential, which is distributed through all regions and makes the. Ethiopian energy systems potentials, opportunities and. Socioeconomic activities such asagriculture which is the main stay of ethiopias economy, energy and water supply, human health, etc are also very sensitive to climate variations. The energy resource potential resource unit exploitable reserve exploited. Ethiopia is endowed with plentiful amounts of water resources potential. Pdf water resources and irrigation development in ethiopia. Ground water plays important role in ethiopia as a major source of water for domestic uses, industrial and agricultural uses. Ground water assessment the geological survey of ethiopia has been established in 1968 with the aim of studying earth resources. Africa water and urban 1 the world bank 1818 h street nw washington, dc 20433.
As a result a search for alternative source of water has always been a major issue in the region. Water resources of ethiopia california state university. Policy and legal framework for water resources management in ethiopia imeru tamrat managing director, multitalent consultancy plc 2 abstract ethiopia has. Strategy of ethiopia and the water resources management policy. Potentials and challenges of water resources development belete berhanu, yilma seleshi. At a broader scale, the abundant rainfall feeds the groundwater system and streams that go from small seasonal rivulets to.
Potentials and challenges of water resources development. Ethiopia is endowed with huge water resource potential about 122 bm. Dam, biogas digesters, solar pv, solar lanterns, water heater, and efficient cooking stove manufacturing and distribution in all regions of the country. Ethiopia has some of the richest water resources in africa, distributed across eight major basins with an exploitable hydropower potential of 45,000 mw. This corresponds to an average of 1,575 m 3 of physically available water per person per year, a relatively large volume. This study therefore, aims at characterizing and evaluating the ground water potential resource of the river basin. Throughout this paper we have relied heavily on the ethiopian experience as the source of our examples because ethiopia typifies the conditions of many developing countries in terms of. Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in ethiopia we. Alternative options for water resources development will be. The study investigates aspects of the fresh water fish resource potential estimation by considering lake ardibo, a crater lake in the northern highland of ethiopia. However, water withdrawn for agriculture represents only an estimated four percent of the overall countrys available renewable water resources. Those water bodies are include major 12 river basins of the country.
Status of development and investment opportunities. Water resources issues in ethiopia a preamble nebiyu daniel tiruneh, university of florida according to the water supply and sanitation collaborative council, our failure to develop a solid foundation of public health through sanitation, hygiene and safe water supply is one of the biggest scandals of the last 50 years. The united nations recognizes that water disputes result from opposing interests of water users, public or private. Policy and legal framework for water resources management. Many field studies reveal that ethiopia stands second in hydropower potential next to the. In addition to this, communities lack capability in managing. Dec 20, 2019 this study aims at identifying the water resource potential, constraints and gaps in tomato and onion production in the robit and dahgishta watersheds in the lake tana subbasin of the upper blue nile basin, ethiopia. More over the government of ethiopia gives special attention and put in place a lot of favorable conditions and good working environment for developers to participate in the energy sector. As a mountainous country, ethiopia receives a significant amount of rainfall in the highlands figure 4, and even in the arid areas rainfall can be used as a direct water resource if efficiently harvested and properly stored.
In this paper we take a birds eye view at the technical aspects of development of water resources, from direct use of surface waters to tapping of groundwater. Over half of this potential is located in the abbay and omo river basins, where the nearlycompleted 6,000 mw grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd and the recentlycompleted 1,870 mw gibe iii. However, the most abundant natural resource is arguably. Water conflict is a term describing a conflict between countries, states, or groups over an access to water resources. Ethiopia has a complex topography, diversified climate, and immense water resources. This report shows how ethiopia can chart a practical path of initiatives that will allow it to support the scaleup of its. The general aim of this study was to produce a scientific guidance paper on the estimation of fish resource potential of lake ardibo and to show the practical applicability of the. Assessment of the water resources potential and quality in the gergera watershed atsbiwomberta woreda, eastern zone, tigray, ethiopia. Lake tana, ashenge, hayk, koka, ziway, langano, awassa, abaya and chamo are among the potential fish rich lakes found in ethiopia. Introduction water is the most important natural resource required for the survival of all living. The overall goal of the national water resources management policy is.
The country has a few known reserves of precious metals and other natural resources such as gold, potash, natural gas, copper, and platinum. At its core is the adoption of a comprehensive policy framework and the treatment of water as an economic good, combined with. Ethiopia has 12 river basins with an annual runoff volume of 122 billion m3 of water and an estimated 2. The donors have established a technical working group twg on water as part of a core donor group called the development assistance group. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia ministry of water. Drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in ethiopia. On the basis of the country level distribution of water resources and the foreseen national plans for hydropower development, we extrapolate our results for the blue nile to the national level. Ethiopia has considerable hydropower potential, about 30,000. Depth to water table is an important indicator of groundwater usability by rural livelihoods. According to moard 2009, the potential irrigable land in ethiopia is between 3. Pdf this working paper provides results of a broad assessment of water resources and a database of irrigation development and potential in ethiopia find. The spatiotemporal variability of the water resources is characterized by multiweather systems rainfall of the. Water resources management in ethiopia description continued in this study, the editors address these and other issues surrounding water resources management in all economic and water sectors in ethiopia within the setting of the nile basin, the first comprehensive treatment of this subject. Natural resources in ethiopia fortune of africa ethiopia.
Awareness creation program prepared for public relation. In addition to all these resources, there is also an extensive potential for the generation of hydropower. Pdf surface water and groundwater resources of ethiopia. Making water a part of economic development potential gain for increased productivity and production within both households and economic sectors is found in the total convenience. It appeared that in the past ethiopia was only utilizing the awash river basin for irrigation. Depth to water table is an important indicator of groundwater usability. Ethiopia has huge re potential, which is distributed through all regions and makes the country favorable for re power development and ideal for developers. Additionally, water resources need to be managed far more efficiently. Beyond the next five years, ethiopia s considerable endowment of water resources could help it achieve its longterm aspiration of becoming a. Nile basin by affecting food security, water and energy supply, poverty reduction and sustainable development efforts, as well as by causing natural resource degradation and natural disasters. Ethiopia produces about 300,000 tons of marine and mined salt annually. Assessment of the water resources potential and quality in. Plan international ethiopia has been identified as a potential partner for the implementation. However, due to large spatial and temporal variations in rainfall and lack of storage, water is often not available where.
Policy and legal framework for water resources management in ethiopia imeru tamrat managing director, multitalent consultancy plc 2 abstract ethiopia has adopted a federal system of government under the. Ethiopia possess abundant water resources and hydropower potential, second only to the democratic republic of congo in all of africa, yet only three percent of this potential has been developed world energy council 2001. Ethiopia is one of the poorest countries in the world and is hit by frequent droughts and famines. The other major natural resource of ethiopia is the hydropower potential. However, the backbone of ethiopian economy, agriculture, is highly rainfall dependent and the energy source relays on fuel. Potentials and challenges of water resources development springerlink. According to the tigray regional state official of mining and energy sector, the sapphire is sold at 2,500 to 3,500 ethiopia local currency birr per gram in local markets, which is equivalent to. Of the two subsectors, the first has attracted high levels of investment, and the second was neglected until the postimperial period. It is a dilemma why ethiopia is starving while it has huge amount of surface water and perennial rivers. Administrative organization for water resource management in ethiopia. While ethiopia has relatively abundant water resources, it is considered water stressed due to rapid population growth over the last decade. Lack of professional and public awareness about the sustainable use of ground water resource made gaps in ground water management. Ethiopian water resources management policy cmp cowash. Assessment of water supply and sanitation in amhara region.
Water resources potential and utilization in ethiopia according to ministry of water and energy report, among the total area of land of ethiopia the land area and water bodies are covered 99. However, regardless of its enormous potentials the energy system is highly dependent on. Most of the rivers in ethiopia are seasonal and about 70% of runoff is obtained between june and august. Potentials, opportunities and sustainable utilization v p a g e abstract ethiopia is a nation endowed with huge amount of water, wind, solar and geothermal energy potentials. A framework for improving water resource management the proposed new approach to managing water resources builds on the lessons of experience.
357 714 568 1355 1201 1255 1265 1208 685 968 1469 281 1003 890 1096 1057 271 408 1193 900 480 218 1126 868 883 920 841 464 1170 51 509 1222 1438